![]() ![]() Īn alternative, novel therapeutic option is to deliver cells into the injured myocardium this approach was demonstrated to be safe and feasible. ![]() Nonetheless, transplantation is highly limited by heart donor availability and host immunological response against the donated organ. Among the current therapies, only heart transplantation can fully achieve all these outcomes. For effective MI treatment, it is necessary to limit adverse ventricular remodeling, attenuate myocardial scar expansion, enhance cardiac function and regeneration, and preserve synchronous contractility. In the United States alone, approximately 8 million people per year have a MI episode. Currently, MI remains the most frequent cause of death worldwide. Myocardial infarction (MI) occurs when coronary artery blood flow is blocked. Although further refinement is necessary in the coming years, promising results indicate that natural scaffolds may be a valuable translational therapeutic option with clinical impact in MI repair. We also evaluate scaffolds combined with different cell types and proteins for their ability to promote improved heart function, contractility and neovascularization, and attenuate adverse ventricular remodeling. Here, we review several natural scaffolds for applications in MI management, with a focus on pre-clinical studies and clinical trials performed to date. Among available scaffold materials, natural scaffolds are preferable for achieving these purposes because they possess myocardial extracellular matrix properties and structures. It is essential to select the appropriate scaffold material the ideal one should provide a suitable cellular microenvironment, mimic the native myocardium, and allow mechanical and electrical coupling with host tissues. Cardiac tissue engineering, a novel emerging treatment, involves the use of therapeutic cells supported by a scaffold for regenerating the infarcted area. Manipulation of the microenvironment of transplanted islets may constitute the basis for new approaches to enhance islet engraftment.Treating a myocardial infarction (MI), the most frequent cause of death worldwide, remains one of the most exciting medical challenges in the 21st century. These results indicate that biodegradable scaffolds may enhance survival and function of islet grafts. Histological examination of the grafts in the scaffold showed numerous well-granulated, insulin-containing cells as well as glucagon-positive cells. In contrast, two dogs transplanted with a similar marginal mass without the scaffold never became normoglycemic. ![]() In two out of the three that received a marginal islet mass, insulin independence was sustained up to 2 months. One dog, transplanted with the largest number of islets, maintained a normal metabolic state until the graft was removed at 5 months posttransplant. All four animals that received islets in the scaffold became normoglycemic without exogeneous insulin injection. Four dogs received islets seeded in a biodegradable polymer scaffold and two received free islets without a scaffold. Six beagle dogs underwent total pancreatectomy followed by islet autotransplantation into the omental pouch. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the use of a medically approved biodegradable scaffold as a solid support system would enhance graft survival following transplantation into the omental pouch in a preclinical large animal model. ![]()
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